Learning in Psychotherapy Group Supervision: Transcending Complementarity and the Generative Potential of Group Conflict

At the site of interpersonal conflict resides the potential for learning. This paper presents psychodynamic theories, empirical research and a fictional case study of psychotherapy group supervision. Supervision is discussed in terms of teaching and learning, triangular relations, and group and organizational perspectives. We examine the interconnectedness of patterns of distress that emerge within dynamic relational systems at the levels of the macro‐social, organizational, group and individual. The concepts of equivalence, parallel process and reflection process provide frameworks for this discussion. We explore the constraints and dynamic influence of the organization upon the supervision relationship and the ethical tensions that construct im/possible positions for the supervisor. The case study tells a fictional story of a supervision group situated in an organizational context – a university psychotherapy education programme. A collapse of the group into complementarity, that is into polarized conflicted positions, proffers a vitalizing opportunity for learning. Through the clinical discussion, we reveal how this is contingent on the group's capacity to think together about the meaning of their struggle and to transcend a binary conflict and achieve ‘the third’.     

Clinical implementation of systematic medication reconciliation and review as part of the Lund Integrated Medicines Management model – impact on all‐cause emergency department revisits

What is known and objective: Interventions involving medication reconciliation and review by clinical pharmacists can reduce drug‐related problems and improve therapeutic outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of routine admission medication reconciliation and inpatient medication review on emergency department (ED) revisits after discharge. Secondary outcomes included the combined rate of post‐discharge hospital revisits or death. Methods: This prospective, controlled study included all patients hospitalized in three internal medicine wards in a university hospital, between 1 January 2006 and 31 May 2008. Medication reconciliation on admission and inpatient medication review, conducted by clinical pharmacists in a multiprofessional team, were implemented in these wards at different times during 2007 and 2008 (intervention periods). A discharge medication reconciliation was undertaken in all the study wards, during both control and intervention periods. Patients were included in the intervention group (n = 1216) if they attended a ward with medication reconciliation and review, whether they had received the intervention or not. Control patients (n = 2758) attended the wards before implementation of the intervention. Results and Discussion: No impact of medication reconciliation and reviews on ED revisits [hazard ratio (HR), 0·95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0·86–1·04]or event‐free survival (HR, 0·96; 95% CI, 0·88–1·04) was demonstrated. In the intervention group, 594 patients (48·8%) visited the ED, compared with 1416 (51·3%) control patients. In total, 716 intervention (58·9%) and 1688 (61·2%) control patients experienced any event (ED visit, hospitalization or death). Because the time to a subsequent ED visit was longer for the control as well as the intervention groups in 2007 than in 2006 (P < 0·05), we re‐examined this cohort of patients; the proportion of patients revisiting the ED was similar in both groups in 2007 (P = 0·608). What is new and conclusion: Routine implementation of medication reconciliation and reviews on admission and during the hospital stay did not appear to have any impact on ED revisits, re‐hospitalizations or mortality over 6‐month follow‐up.     

达芬奇机器人手术配合流程再造及效果评价

目的 优化达芬奇机器人手术配合流程,提高工作效率.方法 收集2013年1月至2013年9月,在我院实施的达芬奇机器人手术236例.对手术配合流程进行再造,对流程再造前后手术医师、手术室护士的满意度,开台时间采用1检验和x2检验统计分析.结果 流程再造后,开台时间与流程再造前比较,存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）.手术医师、手术室护士的满意度较再造前提高（P＜0.05）.结论 达芬奇机器人手术配合流程再造有利于提高手术室的工作效率.     

在线成像结合红外光谱技术对头孢克肟反应结晶过程的工艺优化

头孢克肟的粒度分布、结晶度及杂质含量是影响其加工性能、颜色 ( 白度 )、贮存时间和生物毒性的关键质量指标, 在实际生产过程中发现这些关键指标较难控制。本研究应用了先进在线过程分析技术对头孢克肟的反应结晶过程进行了测量和 分析,包括：傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱仪 (ATR-FTIR) 准确测量结晶过程浓度,并辅助解释反应结晶过程转晶机理,在 线成像系统测量结晶过程颗粒的形貌和粒形变化,在线浊度仪测量成核时刻。实验考察了反应结晶过程的反应温度、养晶时刻、 养晶时间、加料速率、搅拌速率等工艺条件对头孢克肟粒度分布、白度、结晶度和杂质含量的影响,探寻反应结晶过程晶型转 变的规律。结果表明,头孢克肟结晶为聚结生长方式,养晶时刻是影响其聚集体粒度分布及白度的关键因素,养晶时间与滴酸 速率是影响结晶度的关键因素。实验优化得到了头孢克肟反应结晶的最佳操作工艺并可为其工业化提供重要参考,利用该工艺 得到了粒度分布均匀、结晶度高、杂质含量低和白度好的产品。     

Modified-release oral pellets for duodenum delivery of doxycycline hyclate

To minimize the gastric and esophageal injury effect, a system to deliver doxycycline hyclate (DOXY) to the duodenum area is needed. DOXY-containing modified-release oral pellets (DMOP) coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate HP-55 (HPMCP HP-55) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E15 (HPMC E15) appear to be a reasonable choice. This coating layer dissolves at pH 5.5, which is the pH of the duodenum, but not at a gastric pH (1.2). The formulation and preparation of DMOP were optimized, and a scale-up test was performed. The results showed that the production reproducibility was acceptable, and the quality of DMOP well met the standards of Chinese Pharmacopeia (Ch.P, 2015 edition). Notably, the accumulated DOXY release was lower than 50% at pH 1.2 (20 min) and higher than 85% at pH 5.5, which met the USP40-NF35 standard for DOXY modified-release formulations. Moreover, the storage stability of DMOP with different packages was investigated by stress testing, accelerated and long-term testings. The stability of DMOP was maintained up to 12 months, in terms of DOXY content and in vitro release behavior. The results seem to suggest that DMOP could be a promising duodenum delivery system.     

操作技能直接观察评估在全科医学科毕业实习中的应用效果研究

背景　操作技能直接观察评估（DOPS）是评估者通过直接观察学生技能操作的过程即时给予评估和反馈,是一种具有教学功能的形成性评价工具,能够客观、全面地评估学生的学习过程。将DOPS引入全科医学专业教学评价具有重要意义。目的　探讨在全科医学科毕业实习中应用DOPS进行形成性评价的意义和效果。方法　于2018年9-10月,采用整群抽样方法选择中国医科大学2013级七年制临床医学专业学生72例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将72例学生随机分为试验组和对照组,每组36例。试验组和对照组学生均安排在中国医科大学附属第一医院全科医学科病房参加为期1周的实习;实习结束后,进行为期1周的临床实践。对照组的临床实践操作技能培训采用传统带教方法,试验组在1周的临床实践过程中开展2次DOPS形成性评价,两组由相同教师授课。轮转结束时,应用小型临床评价演练（Mini-CEX）、临床技能操作评分、理论考试及问卷调查法进行教学评价。结果　试验组学生的理论考试成绩与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。试验组和对照组学生的临床技能操作得分分别为（76.67±6.20）、（72.50±7.66）分,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组Mini-CEX成绩比较：试验组学生体格检查、人文关怀、沟通技巧、整体表现得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。DOPS临床操作时间为（11.32±1.76）min,反馈时间为（13.14±2.21）min,合计时间为（24.46±1.97）min。>80%的学生认为DOPS有利于发现自身操作中的小问题、有助于感受到教师的重视和关怀、可行性强、可以提高操作技能、培养人文素养和交流沟通能力。结论　在全科医学科毕业实习中开展DOPS作为形成性评价可以有效提高学生临床技能操作和Mini-CEX成绩,改善教学效果。     

利用网络规模迭加法估计重庆市男男性行为人群规模的研究

目的利用网络规模迭加法估计重庆市男男性行为者(MSM)人群规模。方法法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法在重庆市开展社区人群的问卷调查,利用网络规模迭加法估计重庆市一般人群的社交网络规模(C),进而根据社交网络规模和调查对象认识MSM的人数及歧视程度,估计和调整重庆市MSM人群的规模。结果重庆市居民的社交网络规模平均为330人,不同区县(P结论论网络规模迭加法是一种全新的人群规模估计方法,具有简便和快捷的特性及一定的推广价值。     

Process optimization and scale-up for production of rabies vaccine live adenovirus vector (AdRG1.3)

Rabies virus is an important causative agent of disease resulting in an acute infection of the nervous system and death. Although curable if treated in a timely manner, rabies remains a serious public health issue in developing countries, and the indigenous threat of rabies continues in developed countries because of wildlife reservoirs. Control of rabies in wildlife is still an important challenge for governmental authorities.There are a number of rabies vaccines commercially available for control of wildlife rabies infection. However, the vaccines currently distributed to wildlife do not effectively immunize all at-risk species, particularly skunks. A replication competent recombinant adenovirus expressing rabies glycoprotein (AdRG1.3) has shown the most promising results in laboratory trials. The adenovirus vectored vaccine is manufactured using HEK 293 cells.This study describes the successful scale-up of AdRG1.3 adenovirus production from 1 to 500 L and the manufacturing of large quantities of bulk material required for field trials to demonstrate efficacy of this new candidate vaccine. The production process was streamlined by eliminating a medium replacement step prior to infection and the culture titer was increased by over 2 fold through optimization of cell culture medium. These improvements produced a more robust and cost-effective process that facilitates industrialization and commercialization. Over 17,000 L of AdRG1.3 adenovirus cultures were manufactured to support extensive field trials. AdRG1.3 adenovirus is formulated and packaged into baits by Artemis Technologies Inc. using proprietary technology. Field trials of AdRG1.3 rabies vaccine baits have been conducted in several Canadian provinces including Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick. The results from field trials over the period 2006-2009 demonstrated superiority of the new vaccine over other licensed vaccines in immunizing wild animals that were previously difficult to vaccinate.     

基于“银医一卡通”系统的医院门诊流程改造

为有效解决医院“三长一短”现象,提高门诊运作效率,利用医院现有HIS系统与银行业务进行整合并推出“银医一卡通”系统。该系统可把银行卡作为患者在笔者所在医院使用的诊疗卡,并可于本院自助终端机上实现自助挂号、缴费等多项业务,减少患者等候时间,优化就诊流程。“银医一卡通”系统是优化医院门诊流程,提高门诊运作效率,方便患者就诊的有效手段。